Block+B+Journal+Jenn+Kim

=**ASIAN STUDIES JOURNALS : JENN KIM**  = = =  The reading was captivating because it actually gave me the precise details about how Confucianism has effected the society tremendously. The fact that women had some rights and equality along side men was a pleasant surprise for me. I thought that the korean society was generally always patriarchal and women were always suppressed. It doesn't seem exaggerated because I'm sure that these incidents did happen in the society back then. However, it would've been nicer if the author explained more about the modern society.
 * 021909** **Please take a couple of minutes to respond to the reading. What stood out for you? What do you think of it, is it exaggerated?**

**022309** **If Rabbit is too smart for his own good, Owl is the Brain, and Piglet and Pooh...?** Piglet, on the other hand is hesitant, always second judging his ideas or actions, analyzing, going beyond the necessary. Piglet is never able to make up his mind. Pooh is the "Uncarved Stone", blithe, no worries, and promising. The book explains Pooh as just "is" and that is probably a good classification for Pooh to be under especially since he is the one that is simple-minded.

Personally, I believe that it is impossible for a ruler to rule by inaction. First of all, the entire point and purpose of a ruler is to unite people, through measures. (Although how strict it is depends on the ruler). More over, it feels as if Taoism is trying to think of a Utopia. Human nature wise, a ruler is devoted to his or her country, and in many cases forms a desire for more power. Ruling by inaction seems impractical. It would make more sense it was phrased something like, "a tolernt ruler", but the idea we discussed is impossible.
 * 022609 The Tao says that the ruler should "rule by inaction" How do you make sense of this? Is it at all possible?**

According to the handout, right concentration and mindfulness is basically being aware of oneself and taking account of each action one is engaged in. One must be reserved and be aware of everything and pay attention to our actions. Right concentration is focusing on object or concepts and being absorbed in nowness, in things as they are. They must not be absentminded and focus on what is happening now. 
 * 031109 Explain right mindfulness and right concentration. Do you see how you could apply this to your daily life? Why or why not?**

**040209 ** **In describing Japanese development, a British Professor in 1873 declared that he felt 400 years old by the end of the century. Explain the historical context behind this quote.** A British Professor probably said such a quote because the Japanese modernization and industrialization probably took half of the time it took Britain. This was probably because Japan industrialized by extracting just what they needed for the nation, therefore catching up with the major powers quickly. If Japan had industrialized the "classic" way, assimilating all the foreign cultures and going through revolutions and revolts and slowly making a synthesis between Japanese culture and Western culture, it would've taken Japan a much longer time.  

 **040609 ** "**The Question is not unfrequently asked..., is not Japan going ahead too fast? In some respects we fear she is." What is the context of this quote, and do you agree with this quote?** I agree with this quote. Japanese was able to modernize efficiently and rather very quickly. This is probably because Japan was smart when modernizing. Japan took only what they really needed from the West and kept their morals and traditions. However, at the same time, Japan's technology and economy boomed, learning from the West and adapting it to fit their culture. For example, Japan learned their educational system from France and their military system from England.

<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> I personally find the education system the most shocking from what I have read so far. The Japanese basically started getting children from age 6 ready to fight in wars. They reminded the children of how hateful the Chinese were and made them practice shooting and working with heavy objects. For example, children were forced to run around the playground until they collapsed or had to dissect a frog and were chastised if they were not able to do it efficiently.
 * <span style="color: rgb(120, 224, 0);">041009 What do you find most shocking about what you have read so far? How do make sense of such cruelty?**

<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> **<span style="color: rgb(181, 20, 255);">042809 Do you think it was safer to be a communist or anti-communist during the Korean War? B and C only** I don't think it was safer to be a communist or a anti-communist during the Korean War. On both sides, the latter were aggressors who were rather ruthless. Moreoever, this was not a factor that you could chose. If you happened to be at the North during the drawing of the 38 line, who were forced to fight for the communist regime under Mao. The same went for the Southern peninsula.

<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
__<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> **<span style="color: rgb(255, 12, 0);">0 ** __<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">**<span style="color: rgb(255, 12, 0);">43009 Do countries have an obligation to compensate each other for injustices done in time of war?** Yes, countries to have an obligation to compensate each other for injustices done in time of war. If they had been aggressive toward another country, that contry is obliged. However, if that country is under severe economic hardship, then the compensation can come later- just that it needs to happen some time. However, this is not seen in all countries, of course, since not all countries accept the fact that they had been once aggressors. However, although it a widely discussed issue, the compensation could bring negative outcomes, seen through Treaty of Versaille or may be in controversy as to how much money needs to be compensated.

<span style="color: rgb(255, 20, 20);">**<span style="color: rgb(85, 76, 214);">50709 <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Chinese Entry into the War ** The US belied that the chinese would not openly intervene in North Korea and come into the war. Moreover, the U.S. was going to march to the Yalu, probably a river that was located in China. The American thought that it was "incredible for China to feel threatened by 'a free and united Korea'". Also, US (CIA) believed that China wouldn't intervene unless US attacked them first. The Chinese did not tolerate a march to the Yalu River. China had to choice but to resist if the Americans continued to provoke them. Therefore, the reading gives the reader another perspective that explains that the Chinese were provoked. They did not volunteer to enter the war, but the US had pushed them further on until they felt the need to. Moreover, China were going to intervene whether they were attacked or not. It was not in question. Chinese intervention was not expected all American intelligence agencies, therefore the UN also believed that the China would not intervene. However, once China did step on to the plate to fully support DPRK, ROK was effected tremendously, being pushed back down. The reading explainst that the North Korean soldiers showed up rather fresh with "new equipments", striking the UN troops "savagely". So US, ROK, and UN were all stunned (as the video mentioned) and had to think of an alternative solution. More lives were lost, and the war contined on a much bigger scale than before.
 * 1. What did the U.S. have to consider to regards to China and the Yalu River?**
 * 2. According to the reading, what was the reason China entered the War?**
 * 3. what effect dd Chinese interevention have on the US, ROK< and UN troops?**

Shattered Faith has one major meaning, which lies in the title itself. Life for the main character, who has numerous children continued to be hard. During the 1950s, the peak of the war, numerous people continued to live in poverty and lose families because of the division. Shattered Faith shows how Yongwoon, who had been just reaching for one goal the entire time, comes to realize that her faith was useless and rather a disappointment. She ends up losing her son, which can also be parallel to the idea of shattered faith as she is loses contact with her son. Moreover, she lost motivation to do anything once her faith towards God was shattered.
 * <span style="color: rgb(255, 187, 56);">051109 ** <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">**<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Explain the meaning of "Shattered Faith" how does it relate to the story? **

<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> The last three sections express the society's reliance on the younger generation. Lin Biao mentions how they are "nutured by Mao Zedong Thought". This shows how this new idea, "Mao Zedong Thought", was thought to be rather powerful in changing the society's ideologies. He is certain that these young friends will help solve unsolved problems. Moreoever, Lin Bao continues to justify the Cultural Revolution, by mostly blaming the faults on the people who's "social consciousness" is does not come in hand with the economic change.
 * <span style="color: rgb(24, 245, 0);">052709 Explain what the main ideas of the last few paragraphs are, evaluate Biao's reasons for the revolution. Does his argument sense? Is it reasonable?**

Lin Bao's reasons for the revolution was to eradicate the wealth gap between the rich and poor and practice new systems such as collectivization. Moreoever, Lin Bao advocates communism to be the ideology for the society to follow. Lin Bao says, "...strive to grasp Mao Zedong Thought...". The revolution was an attempt to bring social, political, adn economic changes under the Mao Zedong Thought.

Unfortunately, Lin Bao's argument is untruthful to the original communist idas by Karl Marx. Although Lin Bao wanted to bring a classless society, the fact that there was a "government" (a group of people) who determined the entire society contradicts with the communist ideals. Moreoever, his reasons don't make sense since he is saying "no class" but in reality, there was a party lead by Mao Zedong making the choices for the people.

<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 165);">**060209: HANDOUT ACTIVITY** <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> • who wrote the doc and when The document written by Red Guards from a middle school during the revolution.
 * __MY DOCUMENT: Red Guards Smash the "Four Olds"__**

• For what purpose Explains what is needed to for the revolution to be carried out successfully.

• summarize main points - destroy old ideology - proliferate Mao Zedong thought - rebel is justified, to service for the bourgeois - Little Red Book and pictures of Mao everywhere - articles must be censored

• what important information does the doc give you - shows the reality of the society - very radical - against everything that gets in the way - extreme faith in mao

• Consider the effect it may have had - warned the citizens what to do and not to do - more devout followers of Mao may have been created

• Significance: Why is this source important? What inferences can you draw from this document? Ask yourself, “So What”? In other words explain what the doc adds to the understanding of the CR - important since it talks about the "rules" that must be followed - i can infer how much Mao Zedong Thought seeped into peoples' minds - also this is evidence for how the government brainwashed students - SO WHAT?! : the importance of how to make a brand-new china is outlined in the document

__**Burning Books**__ - written by a daughter of a black gang in the late 1960s. - during the chaotic stage of the cultural revolution - about how this girl used to go to school but started burning all the books except Maos' books - Black gains were against the Red Guards - informs the reality to the readers (honest) - significant: a lot of information due to the burning of the books

__**Reactions to Mao (1966)**__ - (two letters) - the first one is about a chinese (man) 26 yerold middle school teacher bieguan chang wrote about Mao Zedong that he saw Mao, and was so excited. - shows that people are extremly devoted and loyal to mao - second letter was by a 19 year old student Ronfang who sent letters to Mao to tell him Mao's flaws. He critcized Mao: shows that not everyone were loyal. - - Some were against the Cultural Revolution. Infer that he is a proletarian. - sentences to prison for life

__**Changes during the Summer of 1966**__ - written by an anonymous in an article - emphasized nationalistic idea - during 1966, many people became a part of the red army - much propaganda, very chaotic time (the most people active) - purpose was to inform the current situation where the red army dominated over china - inform the people's POV to mao (which is father-like) - some of the reforms: changes the streets name and restaurant names. hundreds of billions of streets had gone through this process people were brainwashed to follow the authority & counter restaurants had daizebaos put on them

__**16 Points**__ - there are 10 main points - to launch the communist idaels - change the manipulatd the society; education, literatire, and art - burned ancient books - used propaganda to acknoweldge political ideas - Mao wanted to combine the countryside and the urban areas - Mao's will was the bring all parts of the society together as one. (classless) - significance: chinese government is able to effectively manipulate the society for their own benefit

People against Mao were publicly humiliated. They were forced to shame and criticize themselves. For example, the woman was forced to wear humiliating clothing. Any person, man, women, even children were tortured and beaten if they were against the Cultural Revolution. It was seen as a threat to the government and disrespectful to Mao. However, at the same time, I am able to realize how there actually were people who did not always agree to Mao's ideologies. In one picture, daizebaos are put on religious figures- this shows smashing the four olds, in this case religious. The same went for Buddhist statues and Confucius statues and defaced it by ruining it and writing on it. The people were labled counter-revolutonaries for arguing or even criticizing Mao.
 * <span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 255);">060209 Responding to Images What does this tell you about the Cultural Revolution?**

//1) When was this document written and by whom?// The document was an article written by the CCP Central Committee on June 27, 2981 after the Cultural Revolution. It was about five years after the revolution - so the author was free to express his ideas without being censored.
 * <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 157);">060409 Questions on Reflections on the Cultural Revolution pages 82-84**

//2) According to the document, who was largely to blame for the excesses and mistakes of the Cultural Revolution?// The people who Mao put on higher positions such as Lin Biao and Jiang Qing were the ones who rigged up the two counterrevolutionary cliques. They took advantage of Mao Zedong's errors and committed crimes behind his back. This spurred even more problems to the country and its people. For example, they denounced their own ideas which were actually Marxist and socialist principles, the base of Mao's policies. Mao might have started the Cultural Revolution and caused disasters, but due to the ones who were placed in high positions, they were usurping Mao's power.

//3) What errors does the CCP believe Mao was responsible for?// There were numerous flaws Mao made during the Cultural Revolution. First, the document explains that it was Mao who first put Lin Biao or Jiang Qing in important positions. If it weren't for Mao, they wouldn't have started working behind his back. Also, Mao contradicted himself and went against his own ideas. He defined the revolution as one thing, but advocated actions that actually seemed to go against his definition. There was no clear line of right and wrong and the purpose of the revolution was put on a gray line. His reign was eventually smothered in hypocrisy.

//4) Who seems most responsible according to the document? How does this play into the memory of Mao as a leader and his Cult of Personality?// It seems like the document puts the blame on the other officials Mao appointed rather than Mao himself. The document's tone degrades the officials and hypocrites and accuses them of ruining factors that had been Mao's positive contributions. This is significant because it shows the power of "Cult of Personality". He is continued to be seen as a great leader. No one admits that he had flaws, therefore puts the blame on others who in reality were people that Mao himself supported.

5) What does the CCP believe the consequences of the Cultural Revolution are? (4 of them) each person in your group read one, and explain it to others


 * 1) 1. Denounced ideologies were ironically Marxist and socialist principles that Mao Zedong had based his own thoughts out of. He is basically contradicting himself. Also, the Cultural Revolution denounced different factors. Moreover, almost all the correct principles, policies, and achievements of the seventeen years were advocated by Mao.


 * 1) 2. The government mixed basic morals to confused people who were in fact the "good" and who is the "bad". The cultural revolution brought disorder to the distinction between the people and the enemy. For example, The "capitalist roaders" were leading cadres of the Party and organizations, who formed the fore of the socialist cause. The so called bourgeois inside the party bu Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping simply never existed. Facts that were impossible to disprove proved that Liu Shaoqqui, was nothing but a frme-up by Lin Biao., Jian Qing, and their fellow followers. This failure of disctinction led to cause accomplished intellectuals to be attacked.

3. The cultural revolution before relied on the masses, but after the movement begins, the masses the party relied on are rejected. This is because their is a standstill in these parties due to attacks from the movement. For example, cadres were subjected to criticism and struggle leading to such results. As people who previously lead the parties, if they are in "stalemate" or are not active, the party itself becomes unreliable.

4 The cultural revolution did not constitute neither a revolution or brought social progress. Under the socialist ideas, it could not have brought any progress of any sort, and it was inetivable that it could only bring dmamage and retrogression. However, China did make some progress in agriculutre, industry and capital contruction. Although China had to face the counterrevolutionaries created by Lin Biao and Jiang Qing, the Chinese people proved to be great by winning over the hardships.

6) Why do you think the document mentions achievements made by China during the Cultural Revolution?

7) Describe the tone at the end of the document. Why do you think it ends this way?