Block+B+Journal+Dee+Dee+Paik

Please take a couple of minutes to respond to the reading. What stood out for you? What do you think of it, is it exaggerated?** I never knew that women were treated so poorly after Confucianism entered Korea. Some of the rules are exactly the same from Islamic rules such as needing to cover the face when going out in public and if disobeying the rule, she would have to get whipped. I think it was kind of exaggerated because if the laws involved violence against women, some of it would have existed today, just like the discrimination and stereotypes of women had been passed down from history.
 * __2/19__

If Rabbit is too smart for his own good, Owl is the Brain and Piglet.. Pooh..?** In the Tao of Pooh, Piglet is represented as a character who does not feel to interact with the outside matter. Instead he is calm and relaxed about what the others are talking about and depends on them. He is too scared to make his own decisions where he seems like a "follower" instead of a leader. Pooh represents the uncarved block where he is just simple as just he is.
 * 2/23

I think the Taoists are saying that rulers should rule, but they shouldn't use too much effort or thought into ruling. Instead, rule by going with the flow and naturally. If rulers follow this concept, they will naturally rule by following the nature. Rulers should not be greedy or have egotistical thoughts and put no effort into things that are useless. I'm not sure if it will be possible because I'm not in favor of Taoism, but I think it would be impractical because rulers shoudl put effort into ruling. The ruler have to get a hold of his people and control the land with effort because if he doesn't the country would go out of control.
 * 2/26-2/27 The Tao says that the ruler should "rule by inaction" How do you make sense of this? Is it at all possible?**

 **__3/11__

Explain right mindfulness and right concentration. Do you see how you could apply this to your daily life? Why or why not?**

Right mindfulness, also known as the seventh step in the Eightfold Path involves precision and clarity. It states that we should be mindful of all the minute details in life or experience. We should carry out this by talking, posture and our attitude towards family and friends. Right aborbstion is to be completely absorved in things as they are, present or so called nowness. This can be easily carried out by meditating and concentrating on the mind. According to right absorbtion is to to focus in the present and being aware of what is happening right now. If we dwell about the past and regret it up to a certain point that we cannot concentrate what is happening to us right now, we are going to be in pain and suffer. However if we use right mindfulness and right absorption, we can forget about the past and focus on the present while concentrating, it will lessen our pains and suffering.

4/1 In describing Japanese development, a British Professor in 1873 declared that he felt 400 years old by the end of the century. Explain the historical context behind this quote. This quote explains how drastically Japanese developed economically and politically. Before the Western influence came in, Japan was very conservative and had no idea how to create a huge economy and a strong government system. They were not that strong in many aspects such as military, economy and politics. However, after the Western influence came in, the Japanese accepted a lot of reforms such as building companies and railroad, which drastically developed Japan as a whole nation.Their development was so rapid that it felt like 400 years to this professor.

I thought the the Rape of Nanking was the most grotesque and cruel way of killing people. They were not just killing the physical bodies of humans, but they were literally torturing them in so many barbaric way. The most grotesque thing that I read about in the introduction of the Rape of Nanking was that the fathers were forced to rape their daughters and the sons to mothers in front of their family members. I cannot immagine something terrifying like that happening now and I was uttererly shocked to death. The fact that there were more than hundred thousands people dead and their body floating in the Yangtze river, which made the color of the river a dark, browinish and reddish color. And I was more curious, so I took a peek look in the pictures in the middle of the book and the way that the Japanese soldiers treated Chinese women and men were disgusting. The women were tortured by pornagraphic way and dismantled their body and chopped it into pieces.
 * 4/13**

4/28  Do you think it was safer to be a communist or anti-communist during the Korean War? B and C only
I think none of the Koreans were safe; both the South Koreans and the Communist were not safe. The Communist were not safe because the U.S soldiers tried to kill them even amongst a mob of unknown people because they were suspicious of a North Korean spy accompanying them. The South Koreans were not safe because they were killed no matter what consequences came.

**4/30 Do countries have an obligation to compensate each other for injustices done in time of war?** If we define injustices as sexual assault, nuclear bombing and killing many innocent civilians, I definitely think countries should have an obligation to compensate each other for injustices done in the time of war. Recognizing history and reflecting back on the injustices is significant to the relationship of countries and it should be necessary for a country to compensate each other. Compensation can be a formal and sincere apology and the information should released in the textbooks. There should be a right for the education systems to know the history as well as the other nations. Also, the compensation should be made out in public where everyone can hear. For example, the Rape of Nanking, personally requires compensation from the Japanese toward the Chinese for torturing so many lives of innocent people.


 * 5/7**

What did the U.S. have to consider in regards to China and the Yalu River? U.S considered whether China was going to be interfered in the war if the U.S troops crossed the Yalu river. U.S .There were many opinions from both sides whether China was going to intervene or not. The people who thought China was going to threaten the U.S

According to the reading, what was the reason China entered the war? According to the reading China was going to enter the war for their own obligation whether they get attacked from the U.S or not. The reason is to help the Koreans as Koreans did a favor to China in the past. Koreans helped in the Chinese civil war, war of liberation, Northern expedition and anti Japanese resistance.

What effect did it have on the US, ROK, and UN troops? The Chinese intervention pushed the U.S, ROK and UN down south from the north. It almost made South Korea a communist country.


 * 5/27 Explain what the main ideas of the last few paragraphs are, evaluate Biao's reasons for the revolution. Does his argument sense? Is it reasonable?**

The reason for revolution is simple according to Lin Biao. He states that there are many counterrevolutionary groups and they are planning to launch a coup. In order to save the communist party from the attack of the coup first, Lin says that they had to strike first. He states that when the time is right, people who are in the counterrevolutionary groups will come out and stir up trouble.

Lin Biao also states in the last few paragraphs to place fear and daring not below every matter, but not to have it in masses. He believes that having fear in the masses is the most crucial element to do because if you do not have faith in the masses, people are going to commit political errors. However, he criticizes that Liu-Deng line does not believe in massess or Mao and makes a commentary that they are selfish people who only believe their ideologies such as the bourgeois and the bougourgeois line. He says taht if one is able to believe in Mao's ideologies, have faith in the masses and approach their mistakes in a correct format, then they will succeed and join in the communist party. Being a strong individual after acheiveing those things, Lin Biao thinks it will make a great contribution to the Mao's party.

I think his argument makes sense in a way. The topic of fear is understandable because fear must be placed as a side not to improve yourself, but it shouldn't conflict with your faith because it would ruin you. He is reasonable with his arguments because having faith in the people is what communist valued in their parties.


 * Cultural Revolution Group Notes 6/2/09**

The Sixteen Points by the Chinese Government 1966 Purpose: launch intellectual and imperialistic purges - changed and manipulated society: education literature and art - criticized the capitalistic and the old habits in society - used posters and debates to acknowledge political awareness - the city and the country side should work in close combination - Mao's will was to bring the workers peasants soldiers and intellectuals all together under the name of the Cultural Revolution

Significance: shows how Chinese government is controlling all part of the society

Letters 1966 26 years old Chinese middle school teacher - his first seeing Mao; excited and called it his birthday -emotions and devotions to Mao of the people -mislabeled as a counter revolutionary because he argued with Red Guard and was beaten up

Letters 19 year old student 1966 - sending a letter to Mao about his faults - shows not all people agreed to Mao's belief - sent to prison for publicly humiliating apposing Mao

Red Guards Smashed the Four Olds - Red Guards wrote it during or before Cultural Revolution - how the revolution needed to be carried out - destroy old ideologies, proliferate Mao's ideas, " to rebel is justify" - focus on peasants and workers - to burn old books; emphasis on the Little Red Book; images of Mao - shows faith in Mao - shows visions for the New China - manipulated the young students

Buring Books a daughter of black gang Black Gang- label given to bourgeoisie and other enemies of the revolution - august in the chaotic phage - they were whipped with belts and beaten up - how the Red Guards treated people who didn't have the same belief as them - shows loss of ancient documents - shows the violent side of Red Guards; the truth

In the images, there are a lot of nationalist people who are captured by the Red Guards or the Chinese Communist Part. We can see clearly see the destruction of Four Olds in many aspects. People were forced to cut their hair, which is a form a cutting tradition since hair was not supposed to be cut because it was known as a precious gift from one's parents. There was also a library, which was almost burnt down, which shows the burning of the old books. A figure of Buddah and Confucius was about to be thrown away which also illustrates the throwing of the old tradition and religion.
 * Responding to Images**

Questions on Reflections on the Cultural Revolution pages 82-84 1) When was this document written and by whom? The document was written by the Chinese Communist Party Central Committee on June 27, 1981. 2) According to the document, who was largely to blame for the excesses and mistakes of the Cultural Revolution? According to the document, Lin Biao, Jiang Qing and the rest of the Gang Four were mainly to be blamed because they triggered counterrevolutionaries cliques because they wanted power and took advantage of Mao's errors. It is said that they committed a lot of crimes secretly that chaos to the people. 3) What errors does the CCP believe Mao was responsible for? CCP thinks Mao was responsible for putting the Gang Four in their important position as well as representing the country with appraisal of the prevailing class relations and political situations. 4) Who seems most responsible according to the document? How does this play into the memory of Mao as a leader and his Cult of Personality? The Four Gang seems most responsible because all the blame for the Cultural Revolution are given to them. This shows Mao's cult of personality by making the other leaders (the four gang) look bad and made the citizens to perceive as a great hero. The party perceived Mao as a great leader because everyone thought the great leaders made mistakes, so they relied and idolized Mao. 5) What does the CCP believe the consequences of the Cultural Revolution are? (4 of them) each person in your group read one, and explain it to others 6) Why do you think the document mentions achievements made by China during the Cultural Revolution? I think the document mentions the achievements made by China in order to acvocate nationalism. 7) Describe the tone at the end of the document. Why do you think it ends this way? The nationalistic tone was due the restoration of nationalism. And the loss of nationalism was due to the cause of the Cultural Revolution.
 * 1) 1 It was known as a struggle against capitalists, but it was not the definition. It noticed that the Cultural Revolution proved many false principles. It caused confusion between what is right and wrong.
 * 2) 2 The boundary between the people and enemies were vague and a lot of people were classified as class enemies. The capitalists formed groups Cadres of the party of the government organizations and that group formed the Four core. The bourgeois head quarters did not exist. Liu Shaoqi was used by the Lin Biao and Jiang Qing and was framed by them. But with the confusion, the intellectuals were affected the most.
 * 3) 3 The CCP believe that the consequences of the Cultural Revolution is that the party organizations were attacked and became disorganized and chaos and were paralyzed.The cadres( small group of people who are specially trained for a purpose) received many criticism and went through struggle. And the basic masses the Party relied on were rejected.
 * 4) 4 It was not a real revolution because there was no economic or cultural basis. It ended up one class overthrowing one other creating chaos and