Block+A+Journal+ClairK

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 2) According to the document, who was largely to blame for the excesses and mistakes of the Cultural Revolution?
===The tone of the document is condemning the CR. Lin Biao and Jiang Qing were to blame for the excesses and mistakes of CR according to the document. Even though Mao was the leader of Cultural Revolution, he is not blamed as much for the failure of CR.===

3) What errors does the CCP believe Mao was responsible for?
===Mao positioned Lin Biao and Jiang Qing who committed crimes behind his back. CR negated many of the correct principles, policies, and achievements of the seventeen years after the founding of the People’s Republic, and this was partially Mao’s mistake since he started the revolution. He also believed there was bourgeoisie in Party even though it did not exist.===

4) Who seems most responsible according to the document? How does this play into the memory of Mao as a leader and his Cult of Personality?
===Moa seems most responsible according to the document. The document gives Mao credit for making progress in economy. Grain output increased relatively steadily, and significant achievements were scored in industry. Despite the overall failure of the Cultural Revolution, Mao is still blamed very little. This explains how Mao can rarely be wrong which demonstrates his Cult of Personality===

5) What does the CCP believe the consequences of the Cultural Revolution are? (4 of them) each person in your group read one, and explain it to others
===1. Many things were denounced as being revisionist or capitalist when they were actually Marxist beliefs. This led to negation of arduous struggles the entire people had conducted in socialist construction because a lot of correct principles were negated.===

3. Thirdly, the CR was divorced both from the Party organizations and from the masses. Many activists and large numbers of the basic masses whom the Party has long relied on were rejected.
===4. The document also mentions how CR did not constitute a revolution or social progress in any sense, nor was it possible to do so. It could not come up with any constructive programs, so instead it brought disorder, damage, and retrogression. Also, people were wrongly dismissed.===

6) Why do you think the document mentions achievements made by China during the Cultural Revolution?
===The author wants readers to think that Chinese people still survived and pushed through the Cultural Revolution even though it was full of mistakes and problems. The author wants to make Chinese a little bit more heroic and nationalistic.===

7) Describe the tone at the end of the document. Why do you think it ends this way?
===The tone at the end of the document is admiring and proud. I think it ends this way because the author wants the readers to know that Chinese people were great people who won out over Lin Biao and Jiang Quing even though the Cultural Revolution had such bad effect on the people.===

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 * When**: written in 1966 about reactions to Mao

Second was written by 19 years old student
 * Writer**: First letter was written by Chinese middle school teacher (Bei Guancheng)

• The first letter was about how Bei met Mao in Beijing and how he felt really delighted and lucky to meet him. He was a big supporter of Mao. He told other comrades in the letter to join him in being happy and jumping and shouting. After his visit to Beijing, he had a conflict with the Red Guard leader at the school, after that, the Red Guard labeled Bei counter-revolutionary. Afterwards, Bei was beaten up by the students and committed suicide. • The second letter is about a brave 19 years old student – Wan Rongfen. He directly wrote the letter to Mao. He said “Please, as a member of the Communist Party think about it. What are you doing?” Wan says that Cultural Revolution is one man wanting to gain benefits. He says he would resign from the Communist youth league. He was sentenced to life in prison.
 * Main Points**:

• It would affect readers to not support Cultural Revolution or Mao and see the bad sides of the Cultural Revolution
 * Effect**:

• Tells us that not all Chinese people supported Mao. It would affect the people to be more skeptical
 * Significance**:

**7C - Sixteen Points **

 * Who wrote the doc?** The Central Committee of the Party in the People’s Daily
 * When was it written?** August 9th, 1966
 * Purpose** of the newspaper was to discourage the resistance to Cultural Revolution and Mao, and support the leftist movement in China
 * 3 Main points of the Sixteen Points**

• Resistance comes from people who take Capitalist roles – all Capitalists are bad; old force of habits is also bad • People should be aware of calling themselves Counter-revolutionary; all should be wary of them. Even though Counter Revolutionists are bad, they should not hurt the students who are counter-revolutionists. • Education is very important for Cultural Revolution; People should learn about farming and military, and criticize the middle class

Importance/significance: warns people against Counter Revolutionists, and give sixteen points to take note of regarding the Counter Revolutionists; it tells people how to act against them and to be on guard.
 * Effect**: People are more aware of Counter Revolutionists

**7E- Red Guards smash the Four Olds**

 * Who wrote it**: A Paragraph of an article written by Red Guards
 * Main Points**

• Talks about the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution • Wash away The Four Olds • Chairman Mao’s spots will bring out the new China in the World • Gives 6 excerpts from 100 hundred Ways to destroy old China o Every house and community must have a picture of Mao and his quotes o Everyone must have a copy of the Red Book o Everyone must carry it and study it all the time o Children must sing the revolutionary song – cannot sing traditional folktales


 * Effects**

• it will surprise the readers and make them think that they need to worship – it is their duty worship what Importance of Source

• states how people would think Mao could change china and make it brand new
 * Significance**

**7F – Burning Books**
She is a student • Red Guards came to girls’ school, and burnt books in her school – the books that spread feudalist, capitalist, and revisionist ideas • The Red Guards especially attacked the authority figures of the school including teachers and school party branch secretary • The Red guards tortured them by lashing them with belts and by making them stay near the fire “To be tried in the raging flame of the great Cultural Revolution” • It talks more about how she saw the teachers being whipped by the Red Guards, and how as a daughter of Black Gang, she cannot do anything about it.
 * writer**: daughter of Black Gang which is a label given to bourgeoisies.
 * When**: it does not say
 * Main points**

It would cause skepticism because now the readers see the cruelty of the Red Guards
 * Effect**

Chinese will have restricted media because the Red Guards cut off all the media that would discourage communism
 * Significance**

= = =5/7/09  = = = =//What did the U.S. have to consider in regards to China and the yalu River? //=

**U.S. had to consider the potential threat from the Chinese if the U.S. troops cross the Yalu River. **
==**<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Some thought that China will not because Korea could not possibly be a threat to the Chinese, but some thought that China will intervene if the U.S. keeps provoking them, and cross the Yalu River. **==

<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
=//<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">**<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Accordin. to the reading, what was the reason China entered the war? ** //= ==<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">**<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">According to the reading, China entered the war not to protect the border, but because China owed the North Koreans because they helped out during Chinese Revolution and anti-Japanese resistance. ** ==

=<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> = =//<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">**<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">What effect did Chinese intervention have on the U.S. Rok, and UN troops? ** //= ==<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">**<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">The Chinese intervention pushed back the U.S. and South Korean troops from the North, and it almost turned into a massacre of the South Korean side because it was unexpected. ** ==

<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">**<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">

4/30 Do countries have an obligation to compensate each other for injustices done in time of war?** I think that countries do have an obligation to compensate for injustices done in war. Even in the middle of the war, if the foreign soldiers commit injustice in your country, that is the same thing as a crime. What the Japanese did in Rape of Nanking were crimes, because the civilians did not deserve the cruelty, and foreigners were making atrocities in another nation. Therefore, if a country happens to commit injustice in another country, they have the obligation to compensate for that injustice since the foreign country had basically committed crimes in another one.


 * 4/10/09**
 * <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> What do you find most shocking about what you have read so far? How do make sense of such cruelty?**

The thing that I find most shocking about the reading was what the Japanese did to Chinese women. Japanese soldiers raped Chinese women ruthlessly and killed them afterwards to get rid of the evidence. The lieutenants and generals knew about this, but they did not even care this because they themselves committed such brutality on the innocent women. The only person who seemed to care according to the book was Matsui Iwane, and even when Matsui showed great distress and reprimanded the soldiers for their immoral actions, the Japanese soldiers still contineud raping women and treated like animals or worse than animals even. The fact that the Japanese soldiers made a decision to kill all Chinese soldiers who surrendered was also very shocking, but this reason is at least justifiable from the Japanese point of view since they were running out of resources such as food. I think that these soldiers were able to commit such cruelty because even as young childeren, they ahd to go through very harsh training in school. They were commonly beaten up by their teachers and went through grueling training process. Some of the students were even taught how to commit suicide by driving their airplanes into American ships. I think that they started being mentally trained for such brutality in Nanking even as children.

<span style="color: rgb(255, 12, 0);"> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">**4/3 "The Question is not unfrequently asked..., is not Japan going ahead too fast? In some respects we fear she is." What is the context of this quote, and do you agree with this quote?** Japan's solution to all the foreign countries trying to knock down the doors to Japan was to become a stronger country than those foreign countries. Japan wanted to have control over its future, and it did not want to be forced into trade with the foreign countries. In order to become a top country, Japan decided to adopt the same tactics and skills that the Western countries to modernize their nations. Japan started reforms to modernize, and their reforms took measure very quickly. I think Japan was moving very fast to modernize and industrialize, but I do not think that it was too fast since the change was good for Japan's economy in the future. However, for the United States, it was a concern, because if Japan developed too fast and became a very strong country, Japan would not reconcile with U.S. or give in to U.S. easily to do what the U.S. wanted Japan to do for them.

<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">4/1 **I****n describing Japanese development, a British Professor in 1873 declared that he felt 400 years old by the end of the century. Explain the historical context behind this quote.** During the 1800's, Japan developed very fast technologically. Japan was determined to get rid of Western control and influence over it, so in order to do so, Japan decided to get as powerful as the Western nations, so that it gets strong enough to control its own future. Therefore, in a short period of time, Japan tried hard to catch up with the U.S, and there were great advancements. I think that the British Professor said that he felt like 400 years old because he saw so much change in japan, that it felt like a long time passed.

<span style="color: rgb(255, 12, 0);">3/11 **//Explain right mindfulness and right concentration. Do you see how you could apply this to your daily life? Why or why not?//** Right concentration or right mindfulness is what you need to have in order to reach enlightenment and learn how to self-control and purify yourself. You can practice concentration with meditation in which you try to tonic both heart and mind. We can apply this concentration in our daily life at every moment. No matter what we are doing, we need to able to concentrate and focus only in what we are doing. We need right mindfulness in order to judge right and wrong, and help us concentrate on our path of Enlightenment.

What it means by "rule by inaction" is not thinking too much but doing things that are supposed to be done naturally. It does not literally mean "Don't do anything. But just have your title, and don't care about your people." It is just saying that things happen naturally if you don't put too much effort or think too much into things. Do what you're supposed to do. "Fit square shaped block into square hole." Don't try to think of other complicated means or ways to think of better ways to do things, but let things take place naturally at where they belong. Do not interfere too much in poeple's business, but only do what must be done according to natural order of the world.
 * <span style="color: rgb(255, 12, 0);">2/26-2/27 The Tao says that the ruler should "rule by inaction" How do you make sense of this? Is it at all possible?**

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 * 2/23/09**
 * If Rabbit is too Smart for his own good, Owl is the Brain, and Piglet... Pooh?**

I think that Piglet is naive and willing to believe those who are smarter than him. The book says, "Eeyore was busy intimidating Piglet." Piglet is easily intimidated, but willing to know more. But still, Piglet is still simple-minded, and does not like to think deeply. When Piglet, Pooh, and the Owl are trying to decide which day comes after Tuesday, Piglet yells out "it's "Today." So in a few words, I would describe as naive and simple.

Pooh sets the paradigm for what a Taoist is. Pooh is humble and positive. He is very simple-minded, and does things just because he feels like it, and just because he wants to spread his joy and peace to others. For example, when he and Piglet are lost in the woods, they do not know the way back home. But Pooh just goes "Let's go," and goes wherever he feels right to go without thinking too deeply. He is not too bright, but he trusts his instincts. He cannot describe things, but just know that they are what they are. Pooh is simple-minded.

<span style="color: rgb(255, 12, 0);"> The laws listed in the reading showed that Hildi Kang did not exaggerate the severity and the extremity that the rulers of Korea took to Confucianism. However, I think that a lot of the families did not follow these decrees. The stories “A Foreigner’s View” and “A Poet’s Wake-up Call” were probably extreme cases, but they still happened. But a lot of the families were still lenient. Like Hildi said, almost no families followed the ancestor rituals that the rulers guided them to. And like the “One Girl’s Tantrum,” some people did not agree with the rules. <span style="color: rgb(255, 12, 0);"> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">
 * 2/19/09**