Block+C+Journal+Jenice+Lee

 **Please take a couple of minutes to respond to the reading. What stood out for you? What do you think of it, is it exaggerated?** The fact that stood out to me the most was about the women role because it was very exaggerated that they were not treated equally. Some said thay they felt like dolls not as humans. But, compared to the Chosun dynasty, some women had ajor roles and treated almost equally as the men. Even though the other countries were hard to believe this fact, the women in that period was treated equally, no matter how much they couldn't do the men's work, they were treated equally, and this was very shocking for me to believe.

Piglet and Pooh represents Taoism and it is portrayed in the book as stupid, but practical creatures. They are innocent and not smart compared to Rabbit and Owl, but they accomplish what they need to without even thinking about it. The Taoist views of society also portrays in both characters because as they act through the book, they mingle with other characters, who aren't Taoists, and it shows how they were viewed at that time period. Piglet and Pooh have a lot of curiosity and yet still are smart enough. Therefore I think Piglet and Pooh represents Taoism, which are also simplified as uncarved block, which means simplicity. However, while Piglet is sort of determined and managing relationships with other characters, Pooh is more of a helper to the characters, but he doesn't realize that he is, indeed, helping them.
 * If Rabbit is** **too smart for his own good, Owl is the Brain. then what is Piglet and Pooh?**

What this means is that if you rule by action and moreover, over action, then the Taoists believed that it will bring chaos to the nation. Because the ruler rules by inaction, they will be more innocent and yet do everything that they are supposed to do. This makes sense because if the king interacts too much with the people and their rights, then the king will lose their people. In the Taoists view, the rulers should not interfere with the people of their nation so that they can have more privacy and more settled mind, when in real life they can't really do that because the rulers try to obtain power from people, which makes them to interfere with them.
 * The Tao says that the ruler should "rule by inaction" How do you make sense of this? Is it at all possible?**

Right mindfulness means precision and clarity. Even the tiniest details of our experience to the way we talk, way we perform our jobs, our posture, our attitude toward our friends and family. Basically it means being aware of oneself and focused on what is going on at each particular moment. On the other hand right concentration means that we are completely absorbed in nowness and completely focused. This only happens when we have some discipline, such as meditation, which means practice of mindfulness/awareness. We begin to develop the insight that things are really quite simple, that we can handle ourselves, and our relationships. Basically it means focusing on objects or concepts as part of meditation to develop further personally. To apply right mindfulness, I would focus on my task and do the things that i needed to finish. To apply the right concentration, I would be aware of my acts toward my friends and families, so that I don't cause any mistakes towards them, which makes more personal space for me, just like the Japanese.
 * Explain right mindfulness and right concentration. Do you see how you could apply this to your daily life? Why or why not?**

 **In describing Japanese development, a British Professor in 1873 declared that he felt 400 years old by the end of the century. Explain the historical context behind this quote.** The British Professor in 1873 declared that he felt 400 years old by the end of the century because so much things were going on in Japan. In Japan, the constitution of 1889 was established and many the Meiji government was modernizing the country with Western technologies. The Meiji government reformed a lot of things including education, military, government officials, and social reforms. Because they changed so much in such a short time, I think the British Professor said that he felt 400 years old by the end of the century, because he never thought Japan would develop so much so rapidly. The changes that were brought into Japan was very dynamic and drastic, that they succeeded on their reformation of the government. Not many conservatives were there because only the samurais were abandoned, which made them upset. But, overall, the country was very positive on changing their society, which made the rapid change possible for them.

In my opinion, I think Japan had to Westernize because it made a protection shield over their country and made their country stronger then any other asian countries. They learned the new techniques and new weaponry, which was a crucial point because they used to it protect their own country. Because they were an island country, they tried to conquer Korea. And that brought up them to the Sino-Japanese War, which was with China versing over Korean peninsula. During this war, they used a lot of new weapons, which also made them very nationalistic because they won the Chinese, who had way more army then themselves. If Japan didn't Westernizse, then I think they wouldn't have any powers like the Phillippines, who were conquered by the Spaniards. Because they westernized, they were able to defend their country and go farther on developing their nationalistic views.
 * "Japan had to Westernize or be destroyed"**

  **What do you find most shocking about what you have read so far? How do make sense of such cruelty?** The most shocking thing that I found in the book so far is when the Japanese massacred the prisoners, who weren't even aware that they were dying. Some were even voluntarily committed to the prison because they thought they would have better treatments, as they have said before. But the truth was that seven thousands of people were in one room. Also, the way they were massacred wasn't even respectful. At dawn, they brought them to riverbank, without telling them what was going to happen, then the Japanese started to kill them at once. Even the Chinese wanted to run away, it was too late. All of the corpse was trashed in the Yangtze River, and I thought it was really shocking. This cruelty can't be happen again and I think that Japanese went too far to deceive the Chinese civilians and killing them all at once. I think this cruelty came from the nationalistic and militaristic form of Japanese troops.

In my opinion, I think being safer to be a communist because UN set up for South Korea a world peace
 * Do you think it was safer to be a communist or anti-communist during the Korean War?**

**Do countries have an obligation to compensate each other for injustices done in time of war?** The countries have an obligation to compensate each other for injustices done in time of war because if they don't then nothing will progress. Because the reason of the war most about fight for wealth, land, government power, or justice, the results can't be abstract. Although not many countries agree on the other country's treaties or suggestions, some countries will eventually have to take the charge. Countries do have obligation to redeem the citizen's innocent lives because they were just brought to war by the government power. Without any result, the loss of the people will mean nothing or not even valued. Therefore, I think countries should take their mistakes back and help the poor to get better for such an injustice done in the time of war.

The meaning of "shattered faith," relates to the story because it shows how Hongyong lost her faith on finding his son, Yongwoon. When her husband told her to leave the camp and go to their relative's house, she refused because she thought Yongwoon couldn't find them if they moved around often. Later, Yongwoon's friend came to the camp and Hongyong thought it was his son. She found out from Yongwoon's friend that Yongwoon was missing, or maybe dead. Hongyong became lifeless and didn't even wash or change clothes. She even condemned God and didn't give a crap about Bible. She left her daughter to sell gums and sticks to the camp people to earn money. Her husband has taken charge of the family and taught her daughters how to survive in such a bad situation. I think this represents the "shattered faith," because it shows how her belief and hope was shattered.
 * Explain the meaning of "Shattered Faith" how does it relate to the story? **

In the picture, I see Mao holding up a red scroll on a top of the mountain. The background is skies and it seems like he is above all the mountains. The subject is portrayed as if he is the only one who is standing up on the mountain and that he is greater than nature. Because the illustrator painted Mao as such a huge figure than the other mountains or the trees around him, it shows the superiority of his power and hierarchical position.
 * What you see in the subject? Who is the subject? How is the subject portrayed?**

What does it tell you from the Cultural Revolution. Tell me an example of the four olds These are photos of a Buddha that is being put down by people. These photos show the Cultural Revolution because it is going against the religion. The Buddha and nuns are ashamed by the people, which are examples of the four olds. Four olds is maintaining the Old Customs, Old Culture, Old Habits, and Old Ideas. Being a nun, which is Christian, or praising Buddha were going for the four olds. The Mao forced people to cut the four olds. All of these photos show how Mao put down all the old ideas, that developed before he held the Cultural Revolution, because the people looked ashamed or embarrassed in photos. Also, the people had to carry Dai Zabou, which was one of the old culture that they needed to portray.
 * Images from the Cultural Revolution**

1) When was this document written and by whom? Central Committee Party, June 27, 1981 2) According to the document, who was largely to blame for the excesses and mistakes of the Cultural Revolution? Lin Biao and Jiang Qing was largely blamed for the excesses and mistakes of the CR. Criticizing the CR as responsible for the most severe setback and the heaviest losses suffered by the Party, the state, and the people sine the founding of the People's Republic, 1950. They were blamed for severe setback and the heaviest losses. They "rigged up two counterrevolutionary cliques in an attempt to seize supreme power and, taking advantage of Comrade Mao Zedong's errors, committed many crimes behind his back, bringing disaster to the country and the people." 3) What errors does the CCP believe Mao was responsible for? The errors that CCP believed Mao was responsible for was that he gave them power so that they were able to work behind his back. Mao said that the party was too moderate and that the bourgeoisie and counterrevolutionary revisionists had sneaked into the Party, the government, the army, and the cultural circles, and leadership in the hands of Marxists and the people. He created a revolution to equal the class struggle, but there weren't any class struggles. Mao Zedong's pricipal theses for initiating this revolution conformed neither to Marxism-Leninism nor to the Chinese reality. The flaw in Mao's judgment is that he made an erroneous appraisal(judgement) of the prevailing class relations, which didn't exist, and politcal situation in the Party and the state. 4) Who seems most responsible according to the document? How does this play into the memory of Mao as a leader and his Cult of Personality? Lin Biao and Jiang Quing was responsible according to the document. 5) What does the CCP believe the consequences of the Cultural Revolution are? (4 of them) each person in your group read one, and explain it to others 6) Why do you think the document mentions achievements made by China during the Cultural Revolution? Some credit for the development for the industry. 7) Describe the tone at the end of the document. Why do you think it ends this way? It isn't as critical as the beginning because they are still nationalists and praising China. I think they ended this way because Communist country is still nationalistic.
 * Questions on Reflections on the Cultural Revolution pages 82-84**

1. Contradicted himself. Denounced people as revisionists and capitalists, when they were Marxist and socialist principles, which were actually some of his ideas. Went against all the principles and policies for revolution 2. Confused the people with the enemy. The "capitalists roaders" overthrown in the "CR" were leading cadres of the Party and government organizations at all levels. Also, the criticism of the so-called reactionary academic authorities in the "CR" during which many capable and accomplished intellectuals were attacked and persecuted also badly muddled up. 3. The revolution lacked organization from the Party leader, they lacked direction. The "CR" was divorced both from the Party organizations and from the masses. 4. No progress. No basis. No reason for CR. "Under socialist conditions, there is no economic or political basis for carrying out a great political revolution in which "one class overthrows another."